Cirrhosis - Lifestyle Changes

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Some research suggests that supplements of omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish oil and evening primrose oil) may help protect the diseased liver.

Click the icon to see an image of omega-3 fatty acids.

Protein and Soy. High-quality dietary protein may be especially helpful for patients with ascites and for repairing muscle mass, but excessive protein loads may trigger encephalopathy. Protein solutions have been devised that provide beneficial amino acids without including those that increase this risk. There is no limit on vegetable proteins, such as those from soy.

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Salt Restriction. Restricting salt consumption to less than 2,000 mg a day is particularly important for patients with ascites. The less salt the better.

Zinc. In some studies, taking zinc supplements have lowered ammonia levels in some patients who were zinc-deficient, a common problem in cirrhosis. Zinc replacement may reduce frequency and severity of muscle cramps and may even help protect against encephalopathy.

Limiting Fluids

Fluid restriction is not usually necessary, but patients with severe ascites should discuss limiting fluid with their doctors.

Exercise

Exercise increases the risk for portal pressure and variceal bleeding. One study reported that taking a beta-blocker may reduce this risk, although patients should discuss this with their doctor.

Preventing Influenza and Infections

Infections can have a severe impact on the liver. Although most respiratory infections generally affect only the lungs, one small study suggested influenza may directly affect the liver in patients with cirrhosis and exacerbate the disease process. Researchers in the study advise annual flu shots for people with cirrhosis.

Review Date: 08/18/2006
Reviewed By: Harvey Simon, M.D., Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital.